In the 21st century, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a transformative force promising efficiency and automation, but in Nigeria, the rush to digitize has outpaced frameworks needed to protect citizens. AI systems make decisions affecting human lives, from granting loans to profiling individuals, raising the question of ensuring AI serves humanity. The European Commission defines AI as “systems that display intelligent behaviour by analysing their environment and taking actions – with some degree of autonomy – to achieve specific goals.” The OECD describes it as “a machine-based system that, for a given set of human-defined objectives, makes predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments.” The Alan Turing Institute defines AI as “The design and study of machines that can perform tasks that would previously have required human (or other biological) brainpower to accomplish.” These definitions highlight that AI operates autonomously, adaptively, and at scale, making it powerful but potentially dangerous without oversight. Human rights, as affirmed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, are inherent to all human beings regardless of status. The African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights expands this to include collective rights and cultural identity. In Nigeria, these rights are guaranteed by the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, with Section 37 enshrining the right to privacy. The problem lies at the intersection: AI expands technological possibilities while stretching legal and ethical boundaries, as systems are trained on vast datasets containing sensitive personal information.