According to a study published this week by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS), Waymo vehicles are involved in fewer crashes than human drivers per vehicle mile traveled (VMT). The analysis, based on crash rates in San Francisco, Phoenix, Los Angeles, and Austin, found that Waymo vehicles traveled about 50 million miles autonomously during the period studied, compared to about 222 billion miles for human drivers. The overall crash rate for Waymo vehicles was 68% lower per VMT than human drivers, with rates 76% lower in Phoenix, 35% lower in San Francisco, and 71% lower in Los Angeles. The Waymo fleet had 4% higher crashes in Austin. Waymo cars were involved in 85% fewer single-vehicle crashes and 81% fewer crashes resulting in injuries per VMT. The IIHS noted that comparing human and autonomous driving was difficult because companies are not required to report mileage covered or autonomous mode usage, and reporting standards for crashes differ. Waymo publishes VMT information, making it the only company studied.