In late February, Andrej Karpathy, a founding member of OpenAI who has since left the organization, posted on X that “it is hard to communicate how much programming has changed due to AI in the last 2 months,” noting coding agents that “basically didn’t work before December” had become capable enough to “power through large and long tasks.” Weeks later, a friend relayed an exchange with a group of experienced software engineers, one of whom said: “My job title is more like an AI manager now. I don’t have to really write the code. I input prompts into one AI coding agent, I get another AI coding agent to run tests on it, then I review it, and it goes into production.” The article states that while previous waves of capital concentration sparked collective reaction, “AI displacement is producing a class that can’t unionize because their roles are eliminated before class identity can form,” and notes that “the first certified bargaining union at a major American tech company formed in 2022 at Activision Blizzard.” The standard counterargument that the technological leap will create jobs is countered by the observation that “there will be fewer managers than there had been coders,” and the article asks: “Who owns the machines that replaced some or all of their labor?”