Alphabet Inc. faces a potentially important European copyright ruling over how its Gemini chatbot uses press articles. Advocate General Maciej Szpunar told the Court of Justice of the European Union that an AI chatbot may infringe a publisher's rights when it retrieves an article, uses it to generate an answer and reproduces protected expression in a recognizable way. He also said infringement concerns could arise if a chatbot accesses content by unlawfully bypassing paywalls or other technical restrictions. Szpunar drew a distinction between protected expression and underlying facts, saying copyright does not protect facts themselves, and said the use of copyrighted material to train large language models may be permitted under the EU's text-and-data-mining exception. The opinion is not binding, but the court often follows recommendations from its advocates general. A ruling against Google could increase licensing costs for AI-generated news summaries and potentially strengthen publishers' bargaining power. The next catalyst is the court's final ruling and whether it adopts the adviser's distinction between lawful model training and potentially infringing chatbot outputs.