In March 2016, Google's AI system AlphaGo faced South Korean Go legend Lee Sedol and defeated him by four games to one, demonstrating that artificial intelligence was entering a new era. Google appeared to have everything needed to dominate it: world-class researchers, enormous computing infrastructure, vast amounts of data, and billions of dollars in financial resources. Yet the company that would eventually bring generative AI into the homes of hundreds of millions of people was not Google, but a relatively young organisation called OpenAI, led by Sam Altman. In November 2022, when OpenAI launched ChatGPT, it changed the public's relationship with artificial intelligence almost overnight, and Google, despite having spent years researching AI, was suddenly being forced to defend its position. The man who helped create OpenAI alongside Sam Altman was Elon Musk, who would eventually become one of its fiercest opponents. In 2014, Google had acquired DeepMind, a London-based artificial intelligence research company founded by Demis Hassabis, Shane Legg, and Mustafa Suleyman, bringing some of the world's brightest AI researchers under its roof.