In late May, during Nvidia’s CEO Jensen Huang’s visit to Taiwan, local activists from Greenpeace delivered a cake reading “AI Needs Renewable Energy,” urging the chip designer to fix environmental damage in Taiwan, which hosts more than 90 percent of global leading-edge chip manufacturing. Nvidia’s AI GPU microchips have made it the world’s most valuable company; for every $100 spent by U.S. AI companies, $60 is spent on Nvidia’s GPUs. Over the past three years, Nvidia’s supply chain emissions have more than doubled, and GPU shipments are forecast to grow at 26 percent per year. Nvidia outsources most manufacturing to TSMC. A planned TSMC Fab 25 near Taichung city will require at least 1 GW of power and about 100,000 tonnes of water per day. TSMC alone could consume 24 percent of Taiwan’s electricity by 2030, up from over 12 percent last year. To meet demand, Taipower plans to build 18 gas plants totaling about 18.2 GW, locking Taiwan into fossil-fuel dependency, as the island already relies on fossil fuels for more than 80 percent of its electricity. Near Taiwan, South Korea faces a similar challenge, with Samsung and SK Hynix pursuing massive expansions to meet surging chip demand.