Emissions from the use of Nvidia’s chips could be on par with those from burning coal sold by Russian state-owned company Russian Coal, according to a new report. The report estimates that operating Nvidia chips sold since 2022 could have generated the equivalent of between four and 21 million tonnes of carbon dioxide in 2025, depending on the electricity used to power them. It also says the US chipmaker’s supply chain emissions have risen by 725% since 2020, an increase of around 9.4 million tonnes. According to Greenpeace East Asia, one of the groups behind the report, the increase was primarily driven by upstream emissions from producing the components, materials, and manufacturing services required for its GPUs and AI systems. Nvidia reports these emissions under Scope 3, which covers indirect emissions beyond its own operations. According to figures compiled from Nvidia’s sustainability reports, they rose from about 1.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2020 to 10.7 million tonnes in 2026. The report was published by eight climate, corporate accountability and digital campaigning groups, including Greenpeace International, Friends of the Earth, Beyond Fossil Fuels and Stand.earth. Nvidia does not currently disclose emissions from the use of its sold products. Nvidia has publicly argued that AI is likely to reduce emissions overall, but the report argues that efficiency gains may not reduce the overall impact when demand for computing power is rising rapidly.