An AI solution to demonstrate how autonomous vehicles (AVs) make decisions has been developed by Oxford Semantic Technologies (OST), a Samsung-owned spin-off from the University of Oxford, and Ignite by Forvia Hella, a software venture headquartered in Berlin. OST was acquired by Samsung in 2024, and Ignite by Forvia Hella was founded in 2024. The partners believe AV manufacturers struggle to move from Level 2 to Level 3 and Level 4 automation. Their simulation-based software, built using OST’s RDFox, uses knowledge-based AI with expert knowledge and logical reasoning, differing from machine learning. The solution captures what AVs do in real time, cross-referencing it against traffic rules to ensure decisions are "logical, traceable and compliant." Dr Felix Kortmann, CTO of Ignite by Forvia Hella, stated the technology translates traffic laws into machine-readable rule sets to generate deterministic evidence for European type approval. OST CEO Peter Crocker noted that RDFox can help with the barrier of showing why or how AV decisions are made. Dr Ian Horrocks, Oxford University professor and OST co-founder, highlighted traceability as a key advantage. OST says RDFox is already deployed within tens of millions of Samsung’s smartphones worldwide.