A Chinese AI app, DeepSeek, has raised significant data security and privacy concerns, particularly for European users. According to its privacy policy, DeepSeek stores users' keyboard input patterns and rhythms, with all data stored on servers in China, where Chinese intelligence law obligates cooperation with security authorities. European data protection authorities responded swiftly: Italy blocked DeepSeek "just eight days after the model was released in January 2025," while Poland, Greece, and Luxembourg issued warnings. In June 2025, the Berlin Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information reported DeepSeek's apps to Apple and Google as illegal content due to the unlawful transfer of personal data to China without adequate safeguards under Article 46 of the GDPR. DeepSeek has since been blocked in major German app stores. The FNF study warns of security risks from Chinese open-source models, and cybersecurity experts from Palo Alto Networks found DeepSeek's security measures against jailbreaking are significantly weaker than Western competitors. Europe's structural weakness in AI is highlighted by Mistral AI's Vibe app achieving "1.26 million downloads" compared to "1.35 billion for US providers and 205 million for Chinese ones," a ratio of roughly "1 to 1,071 compared to the US."